Chapter 9 - Built Heritage

Draft Carlow-Graiguecullen Joint Urban Local Area Plan 2024-2030

Closed13 Dec, 2023, 09:00 - 5 Feb, 2024, 17:00

Chapter 9 title image Photo of Castle

Aim: To protect, conserve and manage the built heritage of Carlow-Graiguecullen, by promoting the understanding, enhancement, and appropriate development of these assets, to ensure they contribute to the further sustainable development and heritage-led regeneration of the joint urban area.

9.0 Introduction

The built heritage of Carlow-Graiguecullen, inclusive of its architectural and archaeological heritage, is a significant element in the definition and experience of the joint urban area. Its character and distinctiveness contribute to a sense of place and serves as physical expression of past generations. This heritage can also have a positive role in shaping the future of Carlow-Graiguecullen, including opportunities for increased economic vitality, tourism, urban regeneration, placemaking, climate resilience, and for engendering civic pride. It is therefore crucially important that there is an understanding and appreciation of the social and economic value and benefits that conserving the built heritage of Carlow-Graiguecullen can bring.

Pre-historic settlement in the area is most notably reflected by the Brownshill Dolmen, a neolithic portal tomb and significant landscape feature to the east of the joint urban area. The early historic built fabric of the town was founded by the Anglo-Normans and developed under the protection of Carlow Castle built in the early 13th century. The original medieval fabric of the area includes Dublin Street, the western part of Tullow Street, Castle Street, Brown Street, and Charlotte Street. By the 18th century the core of this medieval area had only been extended to Graiguecullen on the other side of the River Barrow and to Burren Street on the other side of the Burren River. It was during the 19th century that landmark buildings such as Carlow Courthouse and Carlow Cathedral were constructed, along with transport infrastructure such as Carlow Railway Station.

The content of this chapter should be read in conjunction with the built heritage policies, objectives and related provisions set out in Chapter 10 of the Carlow County Development Plan 2022-2028 and Chapter 12 of the Laois County Development Plan 2021-2027.

9.1 Heritage-Led Regeneration

Heritage-led regeneration focuses on investing in the targeted restoration and reuse of built heritage assets in ways that can drive positive and ambitious change in town centres, responding to the way that people live, work and shop. It is also about bringing the history of places to the fore, involving communities in heritage projects, and improving places with the aim of attracting new business, visitors, and residents.

In support of the Town Centre First policy set out in the Programme for Government: Our Shared Future (2020), the Historic Towns Initiative (HTI) is a joint undertaking by the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage and the Heritage Council, which aims to promote the heritage-led regeneration of Ireland’s historic towns. With support and funding through the HTI, Carlow County Council commenced the preparation of a Historic Towns Initiative Plan for Carlow Town in 2023. The plan will:

Include a focus on the medieval town, and designated Architectural Conservation Areas (ACAs);
Examine existing levels of building vacancy and dereliction;
Assess the connectivity of the main streets, laneways, and historic sites to each other;
Catalogue and examine the existing built heritage to determine what conservation funding interventions are required;
Take account of climate change impacts; and,
Produce an action plan for heritage-led regeneration to be used as a tool to leverage funding for interventions, including the reuse of vacant floors in historic buildings for residential purposes.

The crucial role of heritage-led regeneration in the town centre is also reflected in the proposed interventions contained in Project Carlow 2040 – A Vision for Regeneration.

Heritage-Led Regeneration - Policy

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

HR. P1:

Promote and encourage heritage-led regeneration, including the conservation and sustainable use of historic buildings and sites integral to the history and evolution of Carlow-Graiguecullen, and in order to raise public awareness of this history, and to tackle dereliction and vacancy so as to improve the quality of life of the joint urban area by making it an interesting, unique, and attractive place for residents and visitors.

Heritage-Led Regeneration - Objectives

It is an objective of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

HR. O1:

Support, in conjunction with key stakeholders, the preparation and implementation of a Heritage-Led Regeneration Plan for Carlow Town in accordance with the Historic Towns Initiative and relevant funding sources, and its role in the conservation, enhancement and interpretation of built heritage, and the reuse of vacant historic buildings.

HR. O2:

Support the implementation and role of the ‘Interventions Areas’ identified in Project Carlow 2040 – A Vision for Regeneration, in enhancing the setting and context of key built heritage assets in Carlow Town, including improved access to and exposure and interpretation of these assets, and subject to compliance with proper planning and environmental considerations.

9.2 Architectural Heritage

Architectural heritage is a term used to refer to buildings and structures which are of special interest based on architectural, historic, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social, or technical reasons. These special interests can include the sites, settings, attendant grounds, fixtures, and fittings of such buildings and structures. In historic built environments such as Carlow-Graiguecullen, architectural heritage and archaeology are not mutually exclusive, and therefore certain buildings, structures or features can have both attributes. The history and evolution of the built environment of the joint urban area is discussed in Chapter 2, Section 2.2.

9.2.1 Protected Structures & the National Inventory of Architectural Heritage

A protected structure is a structure or part of a structure that Carlow County Council or Laois County Council consider is of special interest from an architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social, or technical point of view. Details of protected structures in the joint urban area can be found in the Record of Protected Structures (RPS) accompanying the Carlow County Development Plan (Appendix VIII) and the Laois County Development Plan (Appendix 1). A list of the protected structures in the joint urban area is included in Table 9.2 at the end of this chapter, along with Built Heritage Maps (Maps 9.8 to 9.13) identifying locations. The details provided should also be cross-referenced with the individual Records of Protected Structures held by Carlow County Council and Laois County Council.

The Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended) places an obligation of local authorities to include policy and objectives for the protection of protected structures. The full extent of a protected structure can include its interior and exterior and fixtures and features forming part of same, land lying within its curtilage, and other structures within that curtilage. Curtilage is not defined by planning legislation but is understood to be the parcel of land immediately associated with a protected structure and which was or is in use for the purposes of that structure.

The placing of a structure on the RPS seeks to ensure that the character special interest of the structure is conserved and protected, and that any changes or alterations to it are carried out in such a way as to retain and enhance this character and special interest. Works to a protected structure, which would materially affect the character of the structure, require planning permission.

In addition to the role of the RPS as referred to above, the State also maintains a National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH). This is a central database for post 1700 architectural heritage. The structures listed in the NIAH do not have statutory protection, but they do provide a basis for recommendations for inclusion on the RPS.

Some well-known and landmark examples of protected structures in Carlow-Graiguecullen include:

Carlow Cathedral (RPS CT77)
Carlow College St. Patricks (RPS CT73)
St. Mary’s Church of Ireland Church (RPS CT49)
Carlow Court House (RPS CT37)
St. Dympna’s Hospital (RPS CT25)
Carlow Railway Station (RPS CT8)
Oak Park Arch/Entrance Gates (RPS CT70)
Graiguecullen Church of Ireland Church (RPS CT118)
Former Sugar Factory Lime Kiln Tower (CW77)

Further guidance on the conservation and protection of architectural heritage, including protected structures is provided in the ‘Architectural Heritage Protection – Guidelines for Planning Authorities 2011’, published by the Department of Arts, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht. The Office of the Planning Regulator (OPR) also provide a ‘Guide to Architectural Heritage’ as part of their ‘Planning Leaflets’ advice series accessible at https://www.opr.ie/planning-leaflets/

Architectural Heritage – Policies

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

BH. P1:

Ensure the protection and conservation of the character, setting and special interest of all buildings and structures (or parts of structures) and sites, listed as protected structures in the Records of Protected Structures for Carlow-Graiguecullen, including their curtilage, attendant grounds, and fixtures and fittings.

BH. P2:

Preserve and enhance buildings and structures listed in the Records of Protected Structures for Carlow-Graiguecullen, and to carefully consider any development proposals that would affect their special interest, both directly and indirectly.

BH. P3:

Ensure that all development proposals that affect a protected structure or a proposed protected structure in Carlow-Graiguecullen, including proposals for modifications, alterations, refurbishment, or extensions, are sympathetic to and protect, conserve and retain the character, setting and special interest of the protected structure or proposed protected structure, in accordance with the ‘Architectural Heritage Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, 2011).

BH. P4:

Require development proposals involving protected structures or proposed protected structures in Carlow-Graiguecullen, to be subject to an Architectural Heritage Impact Assessment as described in Appendix B of ‘Architectural Heritage Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, 2011).

BH. P5:

Support and promote the use of expert conservation advice, best conservation practice, and the use of appropriately skilled and experienced contractors and specialists, for any works to protected structures in Carlow-Graiguecullen, in accordance the ‘Architectural Heritage Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ Department of Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht, 2011) and their ‘Advice Series’ on how best to repair and maintain historic buildings.

BH. P6:

Ensure that development proposals do not obscure views, principal elevations and the character and setting of protected structures.

BH. P7:

Prevent inappropriate alterations to protected structures, and to prohibit the demolition of any protected structure unless the relevant local authority is satisfied that exceptional circumstances exist. The demolition of a protected structure with the retention of its façade will likewise not generally be permitted.

BH. P8:

Promote the sympathetic maintenance, adaptation and appropriate use and reuse of protected structures in Carlow-Graiguecullen and encourage measures that support the climate proofing of these structures.

BH. P9:

Promote the retention of any original or historic building fabric including for example timber sash windows, stonework, brickwork, joinery, ironwork, traditional mortars, render and decorative or weather finishes and slate and vernacular architectural details.

BH. P10:

Proactively address dereliction, endangerment, neglect, and vacancy of historic buildings in Carlow-Graiguecullen, through the use of relevant statutory provisions and through the promotion of appropriate uses and the sensitive conservation of historic buildings, in conjunction with other relevant initiatives.

BH P11:

Protect and conserve important heritage items such as, gates, street furniture, post boxes and other significant historic features of interest in Carlow-Graiguecullen.

9.2.2 Architectural Conservation Areas

An Architectural Conservation Area (ACA) represents a complimentary statutory provision to the Record of Protected Structures. An ACA can include a place, area, group of structures or townscape which is either of special architectural, historical, archaeological, artistic, cultural, scientific, social, or technical interest in its own right, or which contributes to the appreciation of protected structures. This could include, for example, a terrace of houses, buildings surrounding a square, or any group of buildings which together give a special character to an area.

ACAs can serve to preserve and reinforce aspects of the built environment in urban area that contribute to its heritage and distinctiveness, such as urban grain, scale, building heights and lines. The preservation and maintenance of key building features and materials such as shop fronts, chimney stacks, sash windows and building finishes such as slate roofing and lime renders, are also important elements in the conservation of the special character of ACAs. It is important that change within ACAs is carefully managed by preserving what makes the ACA special, encouraging the refurbishment and reuse of buildings that are vacant or in poor condition, allowing for alterations and extensions where appropriate, and enabling redevelopment where it will contribute positively to the special character of the area.

The carrying out of any works that would have a material effect on the character of an ACA requires planning permission. In this regard, the owners and occupiers of non-protected structures located with the ACA should note that carrying out of works to the exterior of a building/structure located in an ACA constitutes exempted development only if those works would not materially affect the character of the exterior of the building/structure or that of neighbouring structures or open spaces. For example, alteration works to streetscape features such as roofs, walls, windows, doors, and rainwater goods, may not be exempted development.

Within the joint urban area there are a total of 7 no. ACAs, which are within the administrative area of Carlow County Council. The principle character of the ACAs is summarised in Table 9.1. The spatial extent of these ACAs is defined on Maps 9.1 to 9.5, and on the Built Heritage Maps (Maps 9.8 to 9.13) included at this end of this chapter.

Architectural Conservation Areas - Policies

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

AC. P1:

Protect and enhance the historic character, heritage value and visual setting of the Architectural Conservation Areas in Carlow-Graiguecullen, and to carefully consider any development proposals that would affect the special interest of these areas.

AC. P2:

Ensure that development proposals within or adjoining the Architectural Conservation Areas in Carlow-Graiguecullen are of high-quality design and finish and are sympathetic to the character of the areas. All applications within and adjoining an ACA will be assessed in the context of the following criteria and the impact of any development proposal on the immediate surroundings of the site, the broader townscape, or its landscape setting;

The height, scale, and orientation of the development proposal;
The bulk, massing and density of the development proposal and its layout in relation to any building line and the surrounding plan form;
The quality and type of materials to be used in the construction of the development proposal, and any boundary treatments and landscaping;
The design and detail of the development proposal;
The retention of the traditional plot boundaries in the joint urban area; and,
The retention and maintenance of historic street furniture, surfaces, and boundary treatments.

AC. P3:

Avoid the removal of structures and distinctive features which make a positive contribution to the character of the Architectural Conservation Areas in Carlow-Graiguecullen, including buildings, building features / fixtures / fittings, shop fronts, boundary treatments, street furniture, landscaping and paving.

AC. P4:

Require development proposals in the Architectural Conservation Areas to have regard to the ‘Architectural Heritage Protection: Guidelines for Planning Authorities’ (Department of Arts, Heritage, and the Gaeltacht, 2011) and their ‘Advice Series’ on how best to repair and maintain historic buildings.

AC. P5:

Encourage the retention, repair and re-use of materials which characterise the vernacular architecture of the Architectural Conservation Areas, including stone, slate, timber windows and doors, and decorative renders.

AC. P6:

Strongly discourage proposals for the demolition of a building or structure that positively contributes to the character of an Architectural Conservation Area, except in exceptional circumstances. Such applications will be required to be accompanied by a photographic survey, condition report and architectural heritage assessment of the structure and an assessment of the impact of the replacement building on the character of the ACA.

AC. P7:

Require that proposals for infill development within an Architectural Conservation Area in Carlow-Graiguecullen, and proposals contiguous to an ACA, should include an analysis of how the new development will complement the setting, character, and appearance of the ACA.

AC. P8:

Reduce, prevent, and encourage the removal of visual and urban clutter within the Architectural Conservation Areas in Carlow-Graiguecullen including, where appropriate:

Traffic management structures
Utility structures and signage
Signage (including signs protruding from the façade) at ground and upper floor levels;
Obsolete/unnecessary lighting, electrics, cables, ducts Internally affixed stickers;
Internally illuminated signage.

AC. P9:

Encourage the repair and enhancement of existing shopfronts and the replacement of inappropriate shop fronts where necessary. The design of new shop fronts is required to act in harmony with the upper floor facades to complement and enhance the character of a building and streetscape plots.

AHP.10:

Require development proposals relating to existing shopfronts or new shopfronts, to include proposals which would, where relevant, incorporate the removal of visually intrusive elements from buildings such as inappropriate signage, lighting and ancillary cables and ducts, and inappropriate materials.

Architectural Conservation Areas - Objective

It is an objective of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

AC. O1:

Address dereliction and promote appropriate and sensitive reuse and rehabilitation of buildings, building features and sites within the Architectural Conservation Areas located in Carlow-Graiguecullen.

Table 9.1: Architectural Conservation Areas
ACA	Character
Montgomery Street	The ACA is a residential street that was laid out in the early 19th century. The street comprises terraces of 2-storey and some single storey houses. Individually the houses on the street are not of particular architectural distinction, but together form a street of great charm.
Dublin Street	Dublin Street was built as a residential street. Like neighbouring Tullow Street, it has tall, steep roofed buildings which date from the 18th and 19th centuries. Some of the buildings retain their original doorcases. The earliest surviving house is in Dublin Street with a plaque dated 1699. There are a number of protected structures on the street.
Brown Street	The street is formed by late 18th century houses, a number of which still retain their round-headed architraved doorcases. As a group these houses have a greater historic value than that which they might merit individually. A plaque on the wall of at the Dublin Street end of Brown Street (i.e gable of no. 15 Dublin Street) bears one of Brown Street’s previous names Hunt Street and the year 1776. In 1731 Brown Street was extended eastwards to join College Street.
College Street	College Street is a narrow attractive street linking Tullow Street to the south to Court Place to the north. The character of the street is particularly influenced by historic landmark buildings and grounds at Carlow College St. Patricks and Carlow Cathedral.
Granby Row	Granby Row runs between Kilkenny Road and Hanover Cross. Previously known as Beggars Row, Granby Row has a strong uniformity in character, the historic streetscape being defined by a notable terrace of 2-storey granite houses on its eastern side and 2-storey houses on narrow deep plots along its western side.
Little Barrack Street	This ACA includes terrace of 16 no. small and historic single storey houses along the southern side of the street. Along its northern side the street would have historically aligned with a high boundary wall enclosing the British Army Barracks. It is one of the last streets in the area to have a cobbled footpath.
Maryborough Street	The character of this ACA is informed by a prominent position just west of the River Barrow and close to Graiguecullen Bridge, Maryborough Street having a principal access from the south off Bridge Street. Maryborough Street comprises part of the historic built fabric of Graiguecullen, with some notable examples of historic 2 and 3-storey townhouses and a 3-storey stone mill building.

Map 9.1 Montgomery Street ACA

Map 9.1: Montgomery Street ACA

Map 9.2: Dublin Street, College Street & Brown Street ACAs

Map 9.2: Dublin Street, College Street & Brown Street ACAs

Map 9.3: Granby Row ACA

Map 9.4: Little Barrack Street ACA

Map 9.4: Little Barrack Street ACA

Map 9.5: Maryborough Street ACA

Map 9.5: Maryborough Street ACA

9.2.3 Vernacular Architecture

Alongside buildings and structures listed as protected structures or located in ACAs, can be more restrained and sometimes less obvious vernacular architecture that makes an equally important contribution to the built fabric and character of the townscape of Carlow-Graiguecullen. This type of architecture was typically concerned with fulfilling more ordinary and functional purposes and uses, such as dwellings, outhouses, street furniture, and shopfronts. However, in the present day it can represent a valuable physical reminder of traditional building forms and types, and local building skills and materials. Carlow County Council and Laois County Council will therefore encourage the retention, protection, and reuse of vernacular architecture in the joint urban area, rather than its demolition, replacement, or dereliction.

Vernacular Architecture – Policies

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

VA. P1:

Support proposals to retain, repair and refurbish vernacular buildings or structures in the joint urban area that are in a rundown or derelict condition, subject to the use of appropriate traditional building materials and methods and provided that proposals for redevelopment / extensions are of an appropriate design and do not detract from the character of the original building or structure.

VA. P2:

Promote the protection, retention, public awareness, and appropriate renewal and regeneration of the vernacular buildings and structures not listed in the Records of Protected Structures for Carlow-Graiguecullen.

VA. P3:

Resist and discourage the demolition of vernacular architecture in Carlow-Graiguecullen, and where appropriate promote the sympathetic renewal, maintenance, adaptation, and re-use of historic building stock, and encourage the retention and repair of original fabric such as windows, doors, wall renders, roof coverings, shopfronts, and other significant features, whether protected or not.

VA. P4:

Ensure proposed redevelopment / extensions to vernacular building stock in Carlow-Graiguecullen are sympathetic to the setting, design, scale, footprint, and materials of the existing buildings. Extensions should generally be located to the rear and not obscure the form or layout of the existing building, the substantial removal of walling is not generally recommended, and connecting the existing building and extension should minimise the number of new openings and ideally use existing openings.

VA. P5:

Require development proposals affecting vernacular buildings in the joint urban area to be accompanied by a detailed measured survey, photographic record and written report carried out by a professional with appropriate conservation expertise and, preferably, an understanding of vernacular buildings.

9.3 Archaeological Heritage

Archaeological heritage can be defined as the surviving material remains of human presence in the landscape, as left by past societies and cultures. Archaeology is the study of human past using these material remains. It is most often the case that archaeological heritage comprises sites where there are no above-ground visible features, but where below surface remains are expected or are known to exist. Below ground, above ground, or underwater, archaeological heritage can include known and as yet unidentified sites, monuments, objects, man-made structures or altered natural structures. Urban areas may contain important sub-surface archaeological deposits and apparently modern, or relatively modern structures may contain much earlier fabric.

The National Monuments Act 1930 (as amended) provides for the legal protection of archaeological heritage from unauthorised damage or interference. The Act’s most widely applying provision is the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP), which consists of a statutory audit of all known sites and features of historical and archaeological importance. All sites identified in the RMP are protected under Section 12 of the Act. The establishment of the statutory RMP was informed by a previous Sites and Monuments Record (SMR) issued to all Counties in the State between 1984 to 1992. The RMP can be accessed through the Archaeological Survey of Ireland database, including an historic environment viewer, at www.archaeology.ie. Information on archaeology in the planning process is also provided by the OPR in their ‘Planning Leaflet’ advice service accessible at https://www.opr.ie/planning-leaflets/

Some archaeological heritage in Carlow-Graiguecullen, for example Carlow Castle, will appear on the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and on Carlow County Council’s Record of Protected Structures (RPS), and therefore is protected by both the National Monuments Act 1930 (as amended) and the Planning and Development Act 2000 (as amended). A list of the recorded archaeology in the joint urban area is included in Table 9.3 at the end of this chapter, along with a Built Heritage Maps identifying locations (Maps 9.8 to 9.13). It is also advised to cross-reference the details provided in this chapter with the data available on the Record of Monuments and Places which can be accessed at www.archaeology.ie

9.3.1 Zone of Archaeological Potential

A Zone of Archaeological Potential is defined on the basis of the Record of Monuments and Places as already referred to. It therefore relates to a zone or area in which significant archaeology has been found and where there is a high likelihood of further such findings. The Zone of Archaeological Potential for Carlow-Graiguecullen is identified on Map 9.7, and on the Objectives Map (12.2) accompanying this JULAP.

Development proposals located within the Zone of Archaeological Potential and/or close to known archaeological monuments/sites, including development sites that are extensive in area, will be required as part of the planning application process, or by condition of a permission, to carry out archaeological assessment, monitoring, testing or excavation within the area either prior to the planning decision or prior to any development proceeding on site. Carlow County Council and Laois County Council will consult with the Department of Housing Local Government and Heritage and other statutory consultees when considering planning applications in their respective administrative areas that relate to development proposals on or in the vicinity of archaeological monuments/sites.

The historic environment viewer accessible at www.archaeology.ie also has a feature that enables a ‘Zone of Notification’ to be shown for archaeological monuments/sites. These notification zones do not define the exact extent of the monuments/sites but rather are intended to identify them for the purposes of notification under Section 12 of the National Monuments Act 1930 (as amended) i.e., notification required to be given to Minister for Housing Local Government and Heritage of intention to carry out works on or close to a recorded monument/site.

9.3.2 Medieval Town Wall/Defences

The significance of Carlow Town in the medieval period is attested to by the construction of town defences, which were built in the latter part of the 14th century. The town defences consisted of a wall and a number of town gates. All upstanding traces of the town wall were gone by the early 18th century, and therefore its exact course or route is unknown. However, there have been consistent suggestions that the defences formed an irregular-shaped triangle as indicated on Map 9.6, along with three main town gates at Tullow Street, the northern end of Dublin Street, and Castle Street. The postulated line of the wall is also shown in the OPWs Urban Archaeological Survey for County Carlow (1990). The Carlow Town wall/defences are recorded on the Record of Monuments and Places (and the Sites and Monuments Record) under reference CW007-018006.

Map 9.6: Postulated route and location of Carlow Town Wall/Defences and three main gates

Map 9.6: Postulated route and location of Carlow Town Wall/Defences
and three main gates

Map 9.7: Carlow-Graiguecullen Zone of Archaeological Potential

Archaeological Heritage – Policies

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

AH. P1:

Secure the preservation (either in situ or by record) of all archaeological monuments in Carlow-Graiguecullen included in the Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) and their settings, and of all sites and features of significant archaeological or historical interest, including potential and previously unknown sites or features, in consultation with the National Monuments Service in the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

AH: P2:

Safeguard the archaeological heritage located within the boundary of this JULAP and avoid negative impacts on sites, monuments, features, or objects of significant historical or archaeological interest.

AH. P3:

Ensure that any development proposal in the joint urban area that may, by reason of location, scale, nature, layout, or design, have potential implications for archaeological heritage (including areas and sites of archaeological potential), shall be subject to an archaeological assessment. The archaeological assessment will seek to ensure that the development proposal can be sited and designed to avoid impacting on archaeological heritage. Any archaeological excavation shall be carried out in accordance with best practice outlined by the NMS, the National Museum of Ireland, and the Institute of Archaeologists of Ireland. In all such cases the relevant local authority shall consult with the National Monuments Service in the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

AH. P4:

Have regard to the Record of Monuments (RMP) and Places, the OPWs Urban Archaeological Survey for County Carlow (1990), and archaeological sites identified subsequent to the publication of the RMP when assessing planning applications for development. No development shall be permitted in the vicinity of a recorded feature, where it detracts from the setting of the feature or which is injurious to its cultural or educational value.

AH. P5:

Ensure the protection of the Zone of Archaeological Potential for Carlow-Graiguecullen as identified in the Record of Monuments and Places, and the Zone of Notification for archaeology, and to ensure that planning applications in these areas are referred to appropriate statutory consultees.

AH. P6:

Promote public awareness of the archaeological heritage of Carlow-Graiguecullen, and encourage where appropriate and practicable, the provision of appropriately designed and located signage, interpretative material, and public access (including disabled access) for archaeological sites under the direct ownership, guardianship, or control of Carlow County Council and / or Laois County Councils and/or the state.

AH. P7:

Ensure remains of the historic Carlow Town Walls/Defences are retained where these still exist (including subterraneous remains) and to promote public awareness and understanding of the existence and role of the Town Wall/Defences and their route within the built environment.

AH. P8:

Protect the medieval core of the joint urban area and retain, except in exceptional circumstances, the existing street layout, historic building lines and traditional plot widths where these derive from medieval or earlier origins.

AH. P9:

Encourage and provide for the protection and maintenance of historic burial grounds within Carlow-Graiguecullen, in co-operation with the Office of Public Works and the National Monuments Service in the Department of the Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

AH. P10:

Protect and conserve underwater archaeological heritage, including that associated with the River Barrow and Burren River, and including potential and previously unknown sites or features, in consultation with the National Monuments Service in the Department of Housing, Local Government and Heritage.

9.4 Climate Change & Built Heritage

The impacts of climate change as discussed in Chapter 11 of this JULAP will have implications for built heritage in Carlow-Graiguecullen. More extreme weather events, including hotter and dryer summers and warmer and wetter winters, could result in structural damage to monuments and historic buildings in the joint urban area. Carlow County Council and Laois County Council therefore recognise the importance of climate proofing structures, including the provisions of the Department of Culture Heritage and the Gaeltacht Built & Archaeological Heritage, Climate Change Sectoral Adaptation Plan (2019).

Climate Change & Built Heritage – Policy

It is the policy of Carlow County Council and Laois County Council to:

CCH. P1:

Increase public awareness of the impacts of climate change on built heritage, and support and promote measures to climate proof-built heritage in the joint urban area having regard to the ‘Built & Archaeological Heritage, Climate Change Sectoral Adaptation Plan’ (Department of Culture Heritage and the Gaeltacht 2019)

Table 9.2: Protected Structures - Carlow-Graiguecullen JULAP Boundary
RPS Number	Address	Description	NIAH No.
RPS 387	Killeshin Church of Ireland, Graigue	Detached six-bay Georgian Gothic-style Church of Ireland church, c. 1830, with spire and chancel.	12803702
CW078	Athy Road	Strawhall House
CW077	Former Sugar Factory, Athy Rd	Lime Kiln / Cooling Tower
CW069	Oak Park Demesne, Oak Park	Oak Park House	10300206
CW422	Oak Park Demesne	Iron Bridge	10300207
CW421	Oak Park Demesne	Old Stable Blocks	10300205
CW424	Oak Park Demesne	Mausoleum	10300204
CW418	Oak Park Demesne	Walled Garden and Building
CW419	Oak Park Demesne	The Dairy	10300208
CW423	Oak Park Demesne	Graveyard and Church Ruins	10300214
CW420	Oak Park Demesne	The Stable Complex	10300215
CW070	Oak Park Demesne, Oak Park	Entrance Gates	10300209
CW442	Hacketstown Road, Carlow	Pollerton House Gates	10300711
CW443	Hacketstown Road, Carlow	Pollerton House Lodge	10300712
CW444	Palatine Road, Carlow	Pollerton House Gateway	10300715
CW052	Brown’s Hill, Carlow	Brown’s Hill House	10300724
CW051	Brown’s Hill House	Browns Hill House Stables	10300723
CW310	Brown’s Hill House	Garden House
CW244	Brown’s Hill Road, Carlow	Brown’s Hill House Gate Lodge	10000725
CW397	Mortarstown	Brannigan’s	10300710
CW066	Mortarstown Upper	Erindale	10300702
CW395	Mortarstown Upper	Erindale Stables	10300702
CW042	Ballinacarrig	Culm Crusher	10300726
CW104	Ballinacarrig	Gleb House
CT8	Railway Road	Carlow Railway Station	10000484
CT9	Railway Road	Bishop Foley School	10000683
CT2	St. Leo's Convent of Mercy	Entrance Gates	10000677
CT3	Dublin Road	St. Leo's Convent of Mercy	10000678
CT4	Dublin Road	1 Leinster Crescent	10000679
CT5	Dublin Road	2 Leinster Crescent	10000680
CT6	Dublin Road	3 Leinster Crescent	10000681
CT7	Dublin Road	4 Leinster Crescent	10000682
CT1	Barrow track	Graveyard	10000856
CT25	Athy Road	St. Dympna’s Hospital	10000751
CT31	St. Dympna’s Hospital	Gate Lodge	10000752
CT24	Athy Road	Kelvin Grove	10000790
CT101	Athy Road	Boundary Wall	10000640
CT26	Athy Road	House (Stella Maris)	10000647
CT27	Athy Road	Masonic Lodge	10000653
CT28	Athy Road	House	10000622
CT29	Athy Road	House	10000621
CT30	Athy Road	McGovern Solicitors	10000620
CT33	Athy Road	Greenville	10000619
CT32	Athy Road	Presbyterian Church	10000618
CT35	Athy Road	Carlow VEC	10000617
CT34	Athy Road	Methodist Church	10000654
CT43	Dublin Street	Assembly Rooms	10000774
CT44	Dublin Road	Capuchin Friary	10000777
CT47	Hay Market	Town Hall	10000072
CT48	Hay Market	Clerkins	10000076
CT49	Church Street	St. Mary’s COI	10000107
CT112	Church Street	Robert Daniel’s Solicitors
CT110	Dublin Street	Cigar Divan
CT111	Dublin Street	Connie Byrne Hyland
CT45	Dublin Street	Tom Kehoe Auctioneers	10000383
CT16	Byrne Street	Deighton Memorial Hall	10000186
CT102	Dublin Street	Jenning’s Opticians
CT103	Dublin Street	Alana
CT42	Dublin Street	Redsetter	10000367
CT105	Dublin Street	Lamberts / Second to None
CT106	Dublin Street	Hennessy’s
CT107	Dublin Street	House
CT108	Dublin Street	House
CT109	Dublin Street	Millard Solicitors
CT38	Court Place	Bank of Ireland	10000614
CT39	Athy Road	Malcomson Law Solicitors	10000615
CT36	Athy Road	Byrne Solicitors	10000615
CT37	Court Place	Court House	10000655
CT41	Court Place	Former Bank House (Office)	10000657
CT40	Court Place	The Irishman’s	10000661
CT72	College Street	Parish Hall	10000434
CT75	College Street	Entrance Gates St. Patricks College	10000435
CT76	College Street	Gate Lodge St. Patrick’s College	10000436
CT73	College Street	St. Patrick’s College	10000437
CT74	College Street	Rear extension St Patrick’s Collee	10000438
CT77	College Street	Carlow Cathedral	10000188
CT78	College Street	Railings and Gates, Carlow Cathedral	10000439
CT89	Tullow Street	Rainbow Record’s / Dinn Ri	10000265
CT98	Tullow Street	Byrne’s Bookstore	10000342
CT99	Tullow Street	EBS	10000343
CT88	Tullow Street	Scragg’s Alley	10000262
CT100	Tullow Street	Tully’s Bar	10000350
CT90	Tullow Street	The Barrack’s	10000271
CT97	Tullow Street	Carlow Library	10000314
CT91	Tullow Street	Mary Kelly’s	10000289
CT96	Tullow Street	Racey Byrne’s	10000307
CT95	Tullow Street	Paddy Powers	10000306
CT92	Tullow Street	Ladbrook’s	10000297
CT93	Shamrock Square	Shop	10000300
CT94	Shamrock Square	Shop	10000299
CT83	Barrack Street	O’Farrell Auctioneers	10000516
CT84	Barrack Street	Dr. Doyles Surgery	10000517
CT86	Kennedy Avenue / Barrack Street	Walls of Former Goal	10000567
CT85	Kennedy Avenue	Entrance Gates of Former Goal	10000566
CT87	Carlow Shopping	Governor’s House of Former Goal	10000565
CT80	College Street	Former Warehouse	10000441
CT79	College Street	Tapas and Wine Bar	10000440
CT19	Burrin Street	Entrance Gates Hanover House	10000236
CT116	58 Burrin Street	House
CT115	57 Burrin Street	House
CT114	56 Burrin Street	House
CT18	49 Burrin Street	House	10000228
CT10	Pembroke	House	10000253
CT15	Pembroke	Verona	1000901
CT14	Pembroke	Pembroke House	10000247
CT13	Pembroke	Dunmore House	10000246
CT12	Pembroke	Old Mason	10000245
CT11	Pembroke	St. Anthony’s	10000244
CT17	Burrin Street	Burrin House	10000189
CT50	Carlow	Carlow Castle
CT113		Wellington Bridge
CT51	Castlehill	Crisp Centre	10000096
CT52	Castlehill	House	10000097
CT62	Graiguecullen	Bridge Stores	10000059
CT57	Chaff Street, Graiguecullen	Castle View House	10000020
CT58	Chaff Street	Former Constablery Barracks	1000025
CT59	Castlecomer Road	St Clare's RC Church	10000026
CT60	Castlecomer Road	Poor Clare's Convent	10000027
CT61	Maryborough Street	House	10000046
CT54	Castle Hill	Haughney's Warehouse	10000135
CT53	Castle Hill	Corcorans Castle Inn	10000134
CT20	Charlotte Street	Former Quaker House	10000428
CT21	Hanover	The Hermitage	10000607
CT22	Athy Road	Bishop's Palace	10000785
CT23	Athy Road	Belgriffin House	10000786
CT46	33 Dublin Street	St. Brigid's Hospital	10000768
CT56	Leighlin Road	House	10000009
CT55	Leighlin Road	House	10000003
CT71	Green Lane	Youth Centre	10000707
CT81	Pollerton Road	Pollerton Castle	10000877
CT82	Pollerton Road	Warehouse	10000453
CT117	Potato Markey	Pillar Box
CT118	Graiguecullen	Graiguecullen COI Church
CT63	No. 6 Kennedy Street	House/Commercial Premises	10000103
CT69	Kilkenny Road	The Rectory	10000865
CT70	Kilkenny Road	Otterholt	10000866
CT64	Kilkenny Road	Barrowville	10000223
CT67	Kilkenny Road	Galaroga	10000862
CT68	Kilkenny Road	Roseville or Borlum	10000863
CT66	Kilkenny Road	Grosvenor Place	10000860
CT65	Kilkenny Road	Garryowen	10000859

Table 9.3: Record of Monuments and Places - Carlow-Graiguecullen JULAP Boundary
RMP	TOWNLAND	MONUMENT TYPE
CW007-004	POLLERTON LITTLE	Burial Ground
CW007-018006	CARLOW	Town defences
CW007-057	CHAPELSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-018	CARLOW,GRAIGUE	Historic town
CW002-004001	STRAWHALL	Redundant record
CW002-005	STRAWHALL	Enclosure
CW002-006	STRAWHALL	Ring-ditch
CW002-007001	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Church
CW002-008001	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW002-010	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ringfort - rath
CW002-011	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Enclosure
CW002-012	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ringfort - rath
CW002-014	POLLERTON BIG	Enclosure
CW007-001	CARLOW	Burial ground
CW007-002	POLLERTON BIG	Dovecote
CW007-003	POLLERTON BIG	Designed landscape - tree-ring
CW007-005	POLLERTON BIG	Armorial plaque
CW007-006	KERNANSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-007	KERNANSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-009	CHAPELSTOWN	Ecclesiastical site
CW007-010	KERNANSTOWN	Megalithic tomb - portal tomb
CW007-018002	CARLOW	Castle - Anglo-Norman masonry castle
CW007-018003	CARLOW	Bridge
CW007-018004	CARLOW	Bridge
CW007-018005	CARLOW	Mill - unclassified
CW007-018007	CARLOW	Church
CW007-019	CARLOW	Enclosure
CW007-020	BALLINACARRIG	Moated site
CW007-021	RATHNAPISH	Enclosure
CW007-022	CARLOW	Enclosure
CW007-023	CARLOW	Ringfort - rath
CW007-024	BALLINACARRIG,CHAPELSTOWN,STAPLESTOWN	Bridge
CW007-063	KERNANSTOWN	Burial ground
CW007-065	CHAPELSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-066	CHAPELSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-067	CHAPELSTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-069	STAPLESTOWN	Field system
CW007-070	STAPLESTOWN	Redundant record
CW007-071	STAPLESTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-076	QUINAGH	Enclosure
CW002-004002	STRAWHALL	Redundant record
CW002-004003	STRAWHALL	Redundant record
CW002-008002	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW002-008003	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW007-080	STAPLESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW007-081	STAPLESTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-082	STAPLESTOWN	Enclosure
CW002-004	STRAWHALL	Flat cemetery
CW007-018016	CARLOW	Tomb - effigial
CW007-146	POLLERTON LITTLE	Cremation pit
CW002-019	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW007-018009	CARLOW	Graveyard
CW007-018010	CARLOW	Graveyard
CW002-007002	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Graveyard
CW007-018011	CARLOW	Redundant record
CW007-159	CARLOW	Linear earthwork
LA037-015	CROSSNEEN	Ring-ditch
LA037-003	CROSSNEEN	Ringfort - rath
LA037-013001	GRAIGUE (Slievemargy By.)	Burnt spread
LA037-013002	GRAIGUE (Slievemargy By.)	Burnt spread
LA032-038	GRAIGUE (Slievemargy By.)	Burnt spread
CW002-020001	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Enclosure
CW002-020002	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Field system
CW002-021	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Ring-ditch
CW002-022	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Designed landscape feature
CW007-167	CARLOW	Stone head (present location)
CW007-018017	CARLOW	Battlefield
CW002-024	OAKPARK OR PAINESTOWN	Enclosure
CW007-174	CARLOW	Enclosure
CW007-175	QUINAGH	Enclosure - large enclosure
CW002-025	POLLERTON LITTLE	Enclosure
LA037-018	CROSSNEEN	Ring-ditch
CW002-026	STRAWHALL	Ring-ditch
CW007-181	CARLOW	Tomb - effigial (present location)